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Opportunistic Illnesses in Children With HIV Infection in the United States, 1997-2016.
- Source :
-
The Pediatric infectious disease journal [Pediatr Infect Dis J] 2021 Jul 01; Vol. 40 (7), pp. 645-648. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Background: Among children with HIV infection, opportunistic illness (OI) rates decreased after introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1997. We evaluated whether such decreases have continued.<br />Methods: Data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National HIV Surveillance System for children with HIV living in the US during 1997-2016 was used to enumerate infants experiencing the first OI by birth year and OIs among all children <13 years of age (stratified by natality). We calculated the time to first OI among infants using Kaplan-Meier methods.<br />Results: Among infants born during 1997-2016, 711 first OIs were diagnosed. The percentage of the first OIs diagnosed in successive 5-year birth periods was: 60.0% (1997-2001), 24.6% (2002-2006), 11.3% (2007-2011), and 3.4% (2012-2016). For every OI, the number of first cases decreased nearly annually. Time to first OI increased in successive birth periods. Among children <13 years of age, 2083 OI were diagnosed, including Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, candidiasis, recurrent bacterial infection, wasting syndrome, cytomegalovirus, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteriosis and herpes simplex virus. The rate (#/1000 person-years) decreased overall (60-7.2) and for all individual OIs. Earlier during 1997-2016, rates for all OIs were higher among foreign-born than US-born children but later became similar for all OIs except tuberculosis.<br />Conclusions: Among children with HIV in the US, numbers and rates of all OIs decreased during 1997-2016. Earlier, OI rates were highest among non-US-born children but were later comparable with those among US-born children for all OIs except tuberculosis.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
Child
Child, Preschool
HIV Infections drug therapy
HIV Infections microbiology
Humans
Incidence
Pneumonia, Pneumocystis epidemiology
Tuberculosis epidemiology
United States epidemiology
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections epidemiology
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology
HIV Infections epidemiology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1532-0987
- Volume :
- 40
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- The Pediatric infectious disease journal
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 34014622
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0000000000003154