The Spectrum of Aesthetic Canthal Suspension.

Aesthetic canthal suspension can be an effective adjunct to lower eyelid blepharoplasty. Understanding the anatomy and function of the lateral canthal tendon is critical for preoperative evaluation and surgical decision making. In this article, the authors discuss the lateral canthal terminology, anatomy, and aging changes. Various canthal suspension procedures, including open and closed canthal suspension, commissure sparing open canthoplasty, and canthopexy, are described. Finally, the preoperative evaluation, postoperative course, and complications of surgery are reviewed.
Competing Interests: Disclosure Dr G.G. Massry received royalties from Elsevier, Springer, Quality Medical Publishers, and Osmotica Pharmaceuticals. Dr. Holds received royalties from Springer, and is a consultant and shareholder for Horizon Pharmaceuticals, and a shareholder of Cypris Medical, Revance Thereapeutics and Panbela Therapeutics. Dr R.S. Douglas received Royalties from Springer, Osmotica Pharmaceuticals, and Horizon Pharmaceuticals.
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