Effects of prior exposure to a visual airway cognitive aid on decision-making in a simulated airway emergency: A randomised controlled study.

Background: Decision-making deficits in airway emergencies have led to adverse patient outcomes. A cognitive aid would assist clinicians through critical decision-making steps, preventing key action omission.
Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of a visual airway cognitive aid on decision-making in a simulated airway emergency scenario.
Design: Randomised controlled study.
Setting: Single-institution, tertiary-level hospital in Toronto, Canada from September 2017 to March 2019.
Participants: Teams consisting of a participant anaesthesia resident, nurse and respiratory therapist were randomised to intervention (N = 20 teams) and control groups (N = 20 teams).
Intervention: Participants in both groups received a 15-min didactic session on crisis resource management which included teamwork communication and the concepts of cognitive aids for the management of nonairway and airway critical events. Only participants in the intervention group were familiarised, oriented and instructed on a visual airway cognitive aid that was developed for this study. Within 1 to 4 weeks after the teaching session, teams were video-recorded managing a simulated 'cannot intubate-cannot oxygenate' scenario with the aid displayed in the simulation centre.
Main Outcome Measures: Decision-making time to perform a front-of-neck access (FONA), airway checklist actions, teamwork performances and a postscenario questionnaire.
Results: Both groups performed similar key airway actions; however, the intervention group took a shorter decision-making time than the control group to perform a FONA after a last action [mean ± SD, 80.9 ± 54.5 vs. 122.2 ± 55.7 s; difference (95% CI) -41.2 (-76.5 to -6.0) s, P = 0.023]. Furthermore, the intervention group used the aid more than the control group (63.0 vs. 28.1%, P < 0.001). Total time of scenario completion, action checklist and teamwork performances scores were similar between groups.
Conclusions: Prior exposure and teaching of a visual airway cognitive aid improved decision-making time to perform a FONA during a simulated airway emergency.
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