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Brainstem Neuronal Circuitries Controlling Gastric Tonic and Phasic Contractions: A Review.
- Source :
-
Cellular and molecular neurobiology [Cell Mol Neurobiol] 2022 Mar; Vol. 42 (2), pp. 333-360. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 03. - Publication Year :
- 2022
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Abstract
- This review is on how current knowledge of brainstem control of gastric mechanical function unfolded over nearly four decades from the perspective of our research group. It describes data from a multitude of different types of studies involving retrograde neuronal tracing, microinjection of drugs, whole-cell recordings from rodent brain slices, receptive relaxation reflex, accommodation reflex, c-Fos experiments, immunohistochemical methods, electron microscopy, transgenic mice, optogenetics, and GABAergic signaling. Data obtained indicate the following: (1) nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS)-dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) noradrenergic connection is required for reflex control of the fundus; (2) second-order nitrergic neurons in the NTS are also required for reflex control of the fundus; (3) a NTS GABAergic connection is required for reflex control of the antrum; (4) a single DMV efferent pathway is involved in brainstem control of gastric mechanical function under most experimental conditions excluding the accommodation reflex. Dual-vagal effectors controlling cholinergic and non-adrenergic and non-cholinergic (NANC) input to the stomach may be part of the circuitry of this reflex. (5) GABAergic signaling within the NTS via Sst-GABA interneurons determine the basal (resting) state of gastric tone and phasic contractions. (6) For the vagal-vagal reflex to become operational, an endogenous opioid in the NTS is released and the activity of Sst-GABA interneurons is suppressed. From the data, we suggest that the CNS has the capacity to provide region-specific control over the proximal (fundus) and distal (antrum) stomach through engaging phenotypically different efferent inputs to the DMV.<br /> (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1573-6830
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Cellular and molecular neurobiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33813668
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-021-01084-5