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Viral Respiratory Pathogens and Lung Injury.
- Source :
-
Clinical microbiology reviews [Clin Microbiol Rev] 2021 Mar 31; Vol. 34 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 31 (Print Publication: 2021). - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Several viruses target the human respiratory tract, causing different clinical manifestations spanning from mild upper airway involvement to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As dramatically evident in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the clinical picture is not always easily predictable due to the combined effect of direct viral and indirect patient-specific immune-mediated damage. In this review, we discuss the main RNA (orthomyxoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and coronaviruses) and DNA (adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and bocaviruses) viruses with respiratory tropism and their mechanisms of direct and indirect cell damage. We analyze the thin line existing between a protective immune response, capable of limiting viral replication, and an unbalanced, dysregulated immune activation often leading to the most severe complication. Our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms involved is increasing and this should pave the way for the development and clinical use of new tailored immune-based antiviral strategies.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Subjects :
- Adult
Aged
Antiviral Agents therapeutic use
COVID-19
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Immunologic Factors therapeutic use
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Interferons therapeutic use
Lung immunology
Lung virology
Male
Middle Aged
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
DNA Viruses
Lung Injury diagnosis
Lung Injury drug therapy
Lung Injury immunology
Lung Injury virology
RNA Viruses
Respiratory Tract Infections
Virus Diseases
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1098-6618
- Volume :
- 34
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Clinical microbiology reviews
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33789928
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00103-20