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Oxidation of organoarsenicals and antimonite by a novel flavin monooxygenase widely present in soil bacteria.
- Source :
-
Environmental microbiology [Environ Microbiol] 2022 Feb; Vol. 24 (2), pp. 752-761. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 06. - Publication Year :
- 2022
-
Abstract
- Arsenic can be biomethylated to form a variety of organic arsenicals differing in toxicity and environmental mobility. Trivalent methylarsenite (MAs(III)) produced in the methylation process is more toxic than inorganic arsenite (As(III)). MAs(III) also serves as a primitive antibiotic and, consequently, some environmental microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to detoxify MAs(III). However, the mechanisms of MAs(III) detoxification are not well understood. In this study, we identified an arsenic resistance (ars) operon consisting of three genes, arsRVK, that contribute to MAs(III) resistance in Ensifer adhaerens ST2. ArsV is annotated as an NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase with unknown function. Expression of arsV in the arsenic hypersensitive Escherichia coli strain AW3110Δars conferred resistance to MAs(III) and the ability to oxidize MAs(III) to MAs(V). In the presence of NADPH and either FAD or FMN, purified ArsV protein was able to oxidize both MAs(III) to MAs(V) and Sb(III) to Sb(V). Genes with arsV-like sequences are widely present in soils and environmental bacteria. Metagenomic analysis of five paddy soils showed the abundance of arsV-like sequences of 0.12-0.25 ppm. These results demonstrate that ArsV is a novel enzyme for the detoxification of MAs(III) and Sb(III) and the genes encoding ArsV are widely present in soil bacteria.<br /> (© 2021 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1462-2920
- Volume :
- 24
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental microbiology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33769668
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15488