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Compositional and Interfacial Engineering Yield High-Performance and Stable p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells and Mini-Modules.
- Source :
-
ACS applied materials & interfaces [ACS Appl Mater Interfaces] 2021 Mar 24; Vol. 13 (11), pp. 13022-13033. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Mar 15. - Publication Year :
- 2021
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Abstract
- Through the optimization of the perovskite precursor composition and interfaces to selective contacts, we achieved a p-i-n-type perovskite solar cell (PSC) with a 22.3% power conversion efficiency (PCE). This is a new performance record for a PSC with an absorber bandgap of 1.63 eV. We demonstrate that the high device performance originates from a synergy between (1) an improved perovskite absorber quality when introducing formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive in the "triple cation" Cs <subscript>0.05</subscript> FA <subscript>0.79</subscript> MA <subscript>0.16</subscript> PbBr <subscript>0.51</subscript> I <subscript>2.49</subscript> (Cs-MAFA) perovskite precursor ink, (2) an increased open-circuit voltage, V <subscript>OC</subscript> , due to reduced recombination losses when using a lithium fluoride (LiF) interfacial buffer layer, and (3) high-quality hole-selective contacts with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of [2-(9 H -carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz) on ITO electrodes. While all devices exhibit a high performance after fabrication, as determined from current-density voltage, J - V , measurements, substantial differences in device performance become apparent when considering longer-term stability data. A reduced long-term stability of devices with the introduction of a LiF interlayer is compensated for by using FACl as an additive in the metal-halide perovskite thin-film deposition. Optimized devices maintained about 80% of the initial average PCE during maximum power point (MPP) tracking for >700 h. We scaled the optimized device architecture to larger areas and achieved fully laser patterned series-interconnected mini-modules with a PCE of 19.4% for a 2.2 cm <superscript>2</superscript> active area. A robust device architecture and reproducible deposition methods are fundamental for high performance and stable large-area single junction and tandem modules based on PSCs.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1944-8252
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- ACS applied materials & interfaces
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33721995
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c17893