Microbiota functional activity biosensors for characterizing nutrient metabolism in vivo.

Methods for measuring gut microbiota biochemical activities in vivo are needed to characterize its functional states in health and disease. To illustrate one approach, an arabinan-containing polysaccharide was isolated from pea fiber, its structure defined, and forward genetic and proteomic analyses used to compare its effects, versus unfractionated pea fiber and sugar beet arabinan, on a human gut bacterial strain consortium in gnotobiotic mice. We produced 'Microbiota Functional Activity Biosensors' (MFABs) consisting of glycans covalently linked to the surface of fluorescent paramagnetic microscopic glass beads. Three MFABs, each containing a unique glycan/fluorophore combination, were simultaneously orally gavaged into gnotobiotic mice, recovered from their intestines, and analyzed to directly quantify bacterial metabolism of structurally distinct arabinans in different human diet contexts. Colocalizing pea-fiber arabinan and another polysaccharide (glucomannan) on the bead surface enhanced in vivo degradation of glucomannan. MFABs represent a potentially versatile platform for developing new prebiotics and more nutritious foods.
Competing Interests: DW, ZB, SP, AR, GD, RG, RH No competing interests declared, JG Co-founder of Matatu, Inc., a company characterizing the role of diet-by-microbiota interactions in animal health. A provisional patent on the MFAB technology has been submitted (Washington University, assignee; PCT Application PCT/US2020/042678).
(© 2021, Wesener et al.)