Clinical features and outcomes of childhood polyarteritis nodosa: A single referral center experience.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to describe the clinical features, comorbidities and outcome of systemic childhood polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) and to evaluate PAN-like diseases in differential diagnosis.
Methods: The study group consisted of patients who were diagnosed as PAN in a referral center in Turkey. The files of all patients were reviewed retrospectively. Disease activity was evaluated with pediatric vasculitis activity score (PVAS).
Results: A total of 19 (13 boys/six girls) patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of patients was 10.37 ± 3.6 years. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.73 ± 3.74 years. Eight patients (42.1%) were also diagnosed with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The cutaneous involvement was higher in patients with PAN than those with FMF-associated PAN ( p  = .03). The median (min-max) PVAS at diagnosis was 5 (3-7). There was no correlation between PVAS scores at the time of diagnosis and age, clinical findings and relapse. CECR1 mutation was detected in one patient leading to deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2.
Conclusion: The clinical presentation is variable in children with PAN. PAN-like diseases characterized by necrotizing vasculitis should be considered. The possibility of FMF should be kept in mind if inflammation cannot be controlled.