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Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and alterations of body composition.

Authors :
Cava E
Carbone S
Source :
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care] 2021 May 01; Vol. 24 (3), pp. 229-235.
Publication Year :
2021

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This manuscript reviews evidence collected during COVID-19 pandemic and provides information on the impact of body composition on severity and outcomes of the disease, analysing methods used for body composition assessment. Malnutrition-screening tools will also be discussed to screen and diagnose the patients at higher risk of COVID-19 severity and related worse outcomes.<br />Recent Findings: COVID-19 can occur in a wide range of presentation, from asymptomatic to severe forms. Among the major risk factors for worse severity, overnutrition, undernutrition and body composition play a role in the ability to respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Excess fat accumulation (i.e. obesity) or lean mass loss and functionality (i.e. sarcopenia) or a combination of both (i.e. sarcopenic obesity) can affect whole-body functioning. These body composition alterations in the short-term can influence susceptibility and immunological responses to the virus, inflammatory reaction, metabolic and respiratory distress, while in the long-term can modulate disease outcomes, namely length of stay, time required for recovery, risk of ICU-acquired weakness and long-term disabilities, and potentially increase the risk of death.<br />Summary: Individuals with malnutrition, sarcopenia, obesity, sarcopenic obesity and older adults with abnormal body composition or malnutrition risk may require tailored medical nutrition therapy to improve short and long-term COVID-19 outcomes.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
1473-6519
Volume :
24
Issue :
3
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
33587365
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0000000000000740