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Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence.
- Source :
-
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior [Pharmacol Biochem Behav] 2021 Apr; Vol. 203, pp. 173129. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 28. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also a time at which there is an increased propensity to engage in risk-taking and impulsive behaviors like drug use. This review examines the human and preclinical literature on adolescent drug use and its consequences, with a focus on dissociatives (PCP, ketamine, DXM), classic psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin), and MDMA. It is the case for all the substances reviewed here that very little is known about their effects in adolescent populations. An emerging aspect of the literature is that dissociatives and MDMA produce mixed reinforcing and aversive effects and that the balance between reinforcement and aversion may differ between adolescents and adults, with consequences for drug use and addiction. However, many studies have failed to directly compare adults and adolescents, which precludes definitive conclusions about these consequences. Other important areas that are largely unexplored are sex differences during adolescence and the long-term consequences of adolescent use of these substances. We provide suggestions for future work to address the gaps we identified in the literature. Given the widespread use of these drugs among adolescent users, and the potential for therapeutic use, this work will be crucial to understanding abuse potential and consequences of use in this developmental stage.<br /> (Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Animals
Female
Humans
Male
Risk-Taking
Dextromethorphan administration & dosage
Hallucinogens administration & dosage
Ketamine administration & dosage
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide administration & dosage
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine administration & dosage
Phencyclidine administration & dosage
Psilocybin administration & dosage
Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology
Substance-Related Disorders psychology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1873-5177
- Volume :
- 203
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33515586
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173129