Back to Search
Start Over
Micellar Casein and Whey Powder Hold a TGF-β Activity and Regulate ID Genes In Vitro.
- Source :
-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) [Molecules] 2021 Jan 19; Vol. 26 (2). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 19. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Casein and whey being food supplements have been considered to be used in oral health care products. However, the response of oral cells to micellar casein and whey powder remains unclear. Considering that milk contains the growth factor TGF-β, and lactoperoxidase was recently reported to decrease the expression of inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID) proteins, there is a rationale to assume that casein and whey can also provoke these responses in oral cells. To examine the TGF-β activity, gingival fibroblasts were exposed to reconstituted casein and whey powder from food supplement before the expression of TGF-β target genes were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Immunoassays were performed for interleukin11 (IL11) in the cell culture supernatant and for TGF-β in the reconstituted casein and whey. We blocked TGF-β by neutralizing the antibody and the TGF-β receptor type I kinase with the inhibitor SB431542. We also showed smad3 phosphorylation and smad2/3 nuclear translocation by Western blot and immunostaining, respectively. Moreover, with reconstituted casein and whey powder, ID1 and ID3 expression analysis was evaluated in HSC2 human oral squamous carcinoma cells. We report here that casein and whey powder caused a robust increase of TGF-β target genes interleukin11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and proteoglycan4 (PRG4) in gingival fibroblasts that was blocked by SB431542 and the neutralizing antibody. Moreover, casein and whey powder increased the phosphorylation of smad3 and nuclear translocation of smad2/3. No changes of proliferation markers Ki67 and cyclinD1 were observed. Furthermore, reconstituted casein and whey powder decreased ID1 and ID3 expression in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest that the processing of milk into casein and whey powder maintains the TGF-β activity and its capacity to regulate ID1 and ID3 genes in oral fibroblasts and oral squamous carcinoma cells, respectively. These data increase the scientific knowledge on the biological activity of casein and whey with a special emphasis on oral health.
- Subjects :
- Humans
Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 metabolism
Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1 genetics
Dioxoles pharmacology
Micelles
Smad3 Protein metabolism
Smad3 Protein genetics
Benzamides pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation drug effects
Interleukin-11 metabolism
Interleukin-11 genetics
Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I metabolism
Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I genetics
Powders
Phosphorylation drug effects
Whey Proteins pharmacology
Caseins pharmacology
Transforming Growth Factor beta metabolism
Fibroblasts metabolism
Fibroblasts drug effects
Gingiva cytology
Gingiva metabolism
Whey chemistry
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1420-3049
- Volume :
- 26
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33477984
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020507