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A Novel Apilic Antivenom to Treat Massive, Africanized Honeybee Attacks: A Preclinical Study from the Lethality to Some Biochemical and Pharmacological Activities Neutralization.
- Source :
-
Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2021 Jan 05; Vol. 13 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 05. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Massive, Africanized honeybee attacks have increased in Brazil over the years. Humans and animals present local and systemic effects after envenomation, and there is no specific treatment for this potentially lethal event. This study evaluated the ability of a new Apilic antivenom, which is composed of F(ab')2 fraction of specific immunoglobulins in heterologous and hyperimmune equine serum, to neutralize A. mellifera venom and melittin, in vitro and in vivo, in mice. Animal experiments were performed in according with local ethics committee license (UFRJ protocol no. DFBCICB072-04/16). Venom dose-dependent lethality was diminished with 0.25-0.5 μL of intravenous Apilic antivenom/μg honeybee venom. In vivo injection of 0.1-1 μg/g bee venom induced myotoxicity, hemoconcentration, paw edema, and increase of vascular permeability which were antagonized by Apilic antivenom. Cytotoxicity, assessed in renal LLC-PK1 cells and challenged with 10 μg/mL honeybee venom or melittin, was neutralized by preincubation with Apilic antivenom, as well the hemolytic activity. Apilic antivenom inhibited phospholipase and hyaluronidase enzymatic activities. In flow cytometry experiments, Apilic antivenom neutralized reduction of cell viability due to necrosis by honeybee venom or melittin. These results showed that this antivenom is effective inhibitor of honeybee venom actions. Thus, this next generation of Apilic antivenom emerges as a new promising immunobiological product for the treatment of massive, Africanized honeybee attacks.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Antibodies blood
Bees
Brazil
Cell Line
Cell Survival
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Female
Hemolysis drug effects
Horses
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase antagonists & inhibitors
Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments therapeutic use
Injections, Intradermal
LLC-PK1 Cells
Lethal Dose 50
Male
Mice
Models, Animal
Neutralization Tests
Phospholipases antagonists & inhibitors
Swine
Antivenins therapeutic use
Bee Venoms antagonists & inhibitors
Bites and Stings drug therapy
Melitten antagonists & inhibitors
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6651
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33466223
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13010030