Back to Search
Start Over
Animal petting zoos as sources of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Salmonella and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
- Source :
-
Zoonoses and public health [Zoonoses Public Health] 2021 Mar; Vol. 68 (2), pp. 79-87. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 31. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Animal petting zoos and farm fairs provide the opportunity for children and adults to interact with animals, but contact with animals carries a risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in animal faeces from six animal petting zoos and one farm fair in Switzerland. Furthermore, hygiene facilities on the venues were evaluated. Of 163 faecal samples, 75 contained stx1, stx2 or stx1/stx2 genes, indicating the presence of STEC. Samples included faeces from sika deer (100%), sheep (92%), goats (88%), mouflons (80%), camels (62%), llamas (50%), yaks (50%), pigs (29%) and donkeys (6%), whereas no stx genes were isolated from faeces of calves, guinea pigs, hens, ostriches, ponies, zebras or zebus. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Stourbridge (S. Stourbridge) was detected in faecal samples from camels. A total of four ESBL-producing E. coli strains were isolated from faeces of goats, camels and pigs. PCR and sequencing identified the presence of bla <subscript>CTX-M-15</subscript> in three and bla <subscript>CTX-M-65</subscript> in one E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance profiling using the disk diffusion method revealed two multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli with resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and azithromycin, all of which are critically important drugs for human medicine. Multilocus sequence typing identified E. coli ST162, E. coli ST2179, extraintestinal high-risk E. coli ST410 and E. coli ST4553, which belongs to the emerging extraintestinal clonal complex (CC) 648. No MRSA was detected. On all animal petting venues, there were inadequacies with regard to access to hygiene information and handwashing hygiene facilities. This study provides data that underscore the importance of hygiene measures to minimize the risk of transmission of zoonotic pathogens and MDR, ESBL-producing E. coli to visitors of animal petting venues.<br /> (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
- Subjects :
- Agriculture
Animals
Animals, Zoo
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Enterobacteriaceae enzymology
Enterobacteriaceae genetics
Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology
Enterobacteriaceae Infections transmission
Enterobacteriaceae Infections veterinary
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Genes, Bacterial
Humans
Phylogeny
Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli genetics
Zoonoses
Animal Husbandry
Enterobacteriaceae drug effects
Livestock microbiology
Salmonella isolation & purification
Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli isolation & purification
beta-Lactamases metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1863-2378
- Volume :
- 68
- Issue :
- 2
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Zoonoses and public health
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33382208
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12798