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TGF-β Serum Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients and the Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2020 Dec 15; Vol. 21 (24). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 15. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), particularly in the late phase of disease. The aim of the present study was to validate serum TGFβ1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of DR stages. Thirty-eight subjects were enrolled and, after diagnosis and evaluation of inclusion and exclusion criteria, were assigned to six groups: (1) healthy age-matched control, (2) diabetic without DR, (3) non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) naïve to treatment, (4) NPDR treated with intravitreal (IVT) aflibercept, (5) proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) naïve to treatment and (6) PDR treated with IVT aflibercept. Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF) and TGFβ1 were measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Foveal macular thickness (FMT) in enrolled subjects was evaluated by means of structural-optical coherence tomography (S-OCT). VEGF-A serum levels decreased in NPDR and PDR patients treated with aflibercept, compared to naïve DR patients. PlGF serum levels were modulated only in aflibercept-treated NPDR patients. Particularly, TGFβ1 serum levels were predictive of disease progression from NPDR to PDR. A Multivariate ANOVA analysis (M-ANOVA) was also carried out to assess the effects of fixed factors on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, TGFβ1, and diabetes duration. In conclusion, our data have strengthened the hypothesis that TGFβ1 would be a biomarker and pharmacological target of diabetic retinopathy.
- Subjects :
- Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 drug therapy
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism
Diabetic Retinopathy diagnosis
Diabetic Retinopathy drug therapy
Female
Humans
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins blood
Male
Molecular Targeted Therapy
ROC Curve
Tomography, Optical Coherence
Biomarkers blood
Diabetic Retinopathy blood
Transforming Growth Factor beta blood
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A antagonists & inhibitors
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33334029
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249558