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Many Different LINE-1 Retroelements Are Activated in Bladder Cancer.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2020 Dec 11; Vol. 21 (24). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Dec 11. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Human genomes contain about 100,000 LINE-1 (L1) retroelements, of which more than 100 are intact. L1s are normally tightly controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, which often fail in cancer. In bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC), particularly, L1s become DNA-hypomethylated, expressed and contribute to genomic instability and tumor growth. It is, however, unknown which individual L1s are activated. Following RNA-immunoprecipitation with a L1-specific antibody, third generation nanopore sequencing detected transcripts of 90 individual elements in the VM-Cub-1 UC line with high overall L1 expression. In total, 10 L1s accounted for >60% of the reads. Analysis of five specific L1s by RT-qPCR revealed generally increased expression in UC tissues and cell lines over normal controls, but variable expression among tumor cell lines from bladder, prostate and testicular cancer. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated active histone marks at L1 sequences with increased expression in VM-Cub-1, but not in a different UC cell line with low L1 expression. We conclude that many L1 elements are epigenetically activated in bladder cancer in a varied pattern. Our findings indicate that expression of individual L1s is highly heterogeneous between and among cancer types.
- Subjects :
- Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
DNA Methylation genetics
DNA Methylation physiology
Female
Histones metabolism
Humans
Immunoprecipitation
Male
Middle Aged
Nanopore Sequencing
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements genetics
Retroelements genetics
Testicular Neoplasms genetics
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 24
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33322422
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249433