The challenge to further improvements in survival of patients with T-ALL: Current treatments and new insights from disease pathogenesis.

Survival rates for children and adult patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have improved during the past decade due to optimization of frontline multiagent chemotherapy regimens. The outcome for relapsed T-ALL after initial intensive chemotherapy is frequently fatal, however, because no effective salvage regimens have been developed. Immunotherapy and small molecule inhibitors are beginning to be tested in T-ALL and have the potential to advance the treatment, especially the frontline regimen by eradicating minimal residual disease thus inducing more durable remissions. In this paper, I review the current chemotherapy regimens for adult patients with T-ALL and summarize the novel immunotherapies and small molecule inhibitors that are currently in early phase clinical trials.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.)