Effects of radiation dose reduction on diagnostic performance of 3rd generation Dual Source CT pulmonary angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of radiation dose reduction on diagnostic accuracy and image quality of pulmonary angiography CT (CTPA) in adults with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE).
Material & Methods: 52 consecutive patients received CTPA for suspected PE. Realistic low-Dose CT simulations were generated using an offline software (ReconCT, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany), as either filter back projections (FBP) or iterative reconstruction as ADMIRE (strength 3 or 5) with 25 %, 50 % and 75 % of the original dose. To assess image quality (overall image quality, noise, artifacts, and sharpness) and diagnostic confidence, a five-point scale was used. Patient-based and segment-based diagnostic accuracy was calculated for Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT)-reconstruction with original dose CTPA as a standard of reference. Furthermore, effective radiation doses were calculated using a commercially available dose management platform (Radimetrics, Bayer HealthCare, Leverkusen, Germany).
Results: Among 52 patients, a total of 15 patients (28.8 %) had acute pulmonary artery embolism. The median dose-length product and effective dose for all 52 scans were 291.1 ± 210.1 mGy⋅cm and 5.8 ± 3.4 mSv. Overall subjective image quality was highest for ADMIRE 5 with 75 % and lowest for FBP with 25 % of the original dose (median [interquartile range]:5 [5] vs. 3 [2-3], p < 0.001. Patient-based diagnostic accuracy was perfect for all iteratively reconstructed data sets (ADMIRE 3 and 5) (sensitivity: 100 %, negative predictive value [NPV]: 100 %). LDCT data sets with FBP had perfect diagnostic accuracy at 50 % and 75 % of the original dose, which however decreased at 25 % of the original dose (sensitivity: 93 %; [NPV]: 97 %). Segment-based diagnostic accuracy was high for ADMIRE 3 and 5 down to 25 % dose reduction (sensitivity: 90.4 % specificity: 99.5 %) and lowest for FBP with 25 % dose reduction (sensitivity: 84.6 %, specificity: 98.9 %). Inter-class correlation regarding the detection of PE was almost perfect at all doses and recons (ICC: 96.1-1.0). Thus, accurate diagnosis for PE was possible for ADMIRE 3 and 5 datasets with 25 % of the original dose (1.45 mSv) and for FBP with 50 % of the original dose (2.9 mSv).
Conclusion: Our findings indicate that radiation dose reduction down to 25 % (1.45 mSv) of the original data via iterative reconstruction algorithms on a 3rd generation Dual Source CT (DSCT) scanner maintained the diagnostic accuracy and image quality for the assessment of PE in CTPA.
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