Back to Search
Start Over
Systems and Clinical Pharmacology of COVID-19 Therapeutic Candidates: A Clinical and Translational Medicine Perspective.
- Source :
-
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences [J Pharm Sci] 2021 Mar; Vol. 110 (3), pp. 1002-1017. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 26. - Publication Year :
- 2021
-
Abstract
- Over 50 million people have been infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, while around 1 million have died due to COVID-19 disease progression. COVID-19 presents flu-like symptoms that can escalate, in about 7-10 days from onset, into a cytokine storm causing respiratory failure and death. Although social distancing reduces transmissibility, COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics are essential to regain socioeconomic normalcy. Even if effective and safe vaccines are found, pharmacological interventions are still needed to limit disease severity and mortality. Integrating current knowledge and drug candidates (approved drugs for repositioning among >35 candidates) undergoing clinical studies (>3000 registered in ClinicalTrials.gov), we employed Systems Pharmacology approaches to project how antivirals and immunoregulatory agents could be optimally evaluated for use. Antivirals are likely to be effective only at the early stage of infection, soon after exposure and before hospitalization, while immunomodulatory agents should be effective in the later-stage cytokine storm. As current antiviral candidates are administered in hospitals over 5-7 days, a long-acting combination that targets multiple SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle steps may provide a long-lasting, single-dose treatment in outpatient settings. Long-acting therapeutics may still be needed even when vaccines become available as vaccines are likely to be approved based on a 50% efficacy target.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Antiviral Agents pharmacokinetics
Antiviral Agents pharmacology
Artificial Intelligence
COVID-19 complications
COVID-19 immunology
COVID-19 pathology
Cytokine Release Syndrome drug therapy
Cytokine Release Syndrome etiology
Cytokine Release Syndrome immunology
Cytokine Release Syndrome pathology
Drug Repositioning
Humans
Immunologic Factors pharmacokinetics
Immunologic Factors pharmacology
Models, Biological
Pharmacology, Clinical
SARS-CoV-2 immunology
SARS-CoV-2 physiology
Translational Research, Biomedical
Viral Load drug effects
Virus Internalization drug effects
Antiviral Agents therapeutic use
Immunologic Factors therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2 drug effects
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1520-6017
- Volume :
- 110
- Issue :
- 3
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33248057
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.019