Advances in the Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, relapsing-remitting neuroinflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Advances in the understanding of NMOSD pathogenesis and identification of the NMO-specific pathogenic anti-AQP4 autoantibody have led to the development of highly effective disease-modifying strategies. Five placebo-controlled, randomized trials for NMOSD have been successfully completed as of 2020. These trials support the efficacy of rituximab and tocilizumab and led to the FDA approval of eculizumab, satralizumab and inebilizumab for NMOSD. Our review provides an update on these evidence-based disease-modifying therapies and discussed the treatment of acute relapses in NMOSD.
Competing Interests: Disclosure Dr A.I. Wallach has received consulting fees from Biogen. She serves as a site investigator for trials by Biogen, Hoffman La-Roche, TG Therapeutics, and MedDay Pharmaceuticals. Dr M. Tremblay has received consulting fees from Biogen and Genentech. Dr I. Kister served on advisory boards for Biogen and Genentech and received consulting fees from Roche and research support for investigator-initiated grants from Sanofi Genzyme, Biogen, EMD Serono, National MS Society, and Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation.
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