Comparison of cancer control between segmentectomy and wedge resection in patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: The study objective was to compare cancer control between segmentectomy and wedge resection in patients with clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.
Methods: Between 2010 and 2015, 457 patients with clinical stage IA (8th edition) non-small cell lung cancer undergoing wedge resection or segmentectomy were identified at 3 institutions. Propensity scores were calculated on the basis of the extent of resection (wedge resection or segmentectomy) and included adjustment for confounding variables, such as age, sex, smoking status, pulmonary functions, laterality, tumor size, maximum standardized uptake value on ¹⁸ F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, presence of ground-glass opacity on high-resolution computed tomography, histology, and visceral pleural invasion for multivariable analysis and matching. The primary end point was cumulative incidence of recurrence.
Results: In all cohorts, postoperative recurrence occurred in 36 of 195 patients (18.5%) undergoing wedge resection and 14 of 262 patients (5.3%) undergoing segmentectomy. Cumulative incidence of recurrence was significantly lower in patients undergoing segmentectomy (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence, 5.3%) than in those undergoing wedge resection (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence, 19.1%; P < .001). In propensity score-adjusted multivariable analysis, segmentectomy was identified as an independent favorable prognostic factor for cumulative incidence of recurrence (hazard ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.90; P = .022). In propensity score matching of 163 pairs, cumulative incidence of recurrence was significantly lower in patients undergoing segmentectomy (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence, 6.6%) than in those undergoing wedge resection (5-year cumulative incidence of recurrence, 13.2%; P = .041).
Conclusions: Cancer control was better in segmentectomy than in wedge resection. Segmentectomy is the preferred oncologic procedure as sublobar resection to treat clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.
(Copyright © 2020 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)