Virulence-attenuated Salmonella engineered to secrete immunomodulators reduce tumour growth and increase survival in an autochthonous mouse model of breast cancer.

The ultimate goal of bacterial based cancer therapy is to achieve non-toxic penetration and colonisation of the tumour microenvironment. To overcome this efficacy-limiting toxicity of anticancer immunotherapy, we have tested a therapy comprised of systemic delivery of a vascular disrupting agent to induce intratumoral necrotic space, cannabidiol to temporarily inhibit angiogenesis and acute inflammation, and a strain of Salmonella Typhimurium that was engineered for non-toxic colonisation and expression of immunomodulators within the tumour microenvironment. This combination treatment strategy was administered to transgenic mice burdened with autochthonous mammary gland tumours and demonstrated a statistically significant 64% slower tumour growth and a 25% increase in mean survival time compared to control animals without treatment. These experiments were accomplished with minimal toxicity as measured by less than 7% weight loss and a return to normal weight gain within three days following intravenous administration of the bacteria. Thus, non-toxic, robust colonisation of the microenvironment was achieved to produce a significant antitumor effect.