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[Herpes simplex virus and central nervous system infections: encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis].

[Herpes simplex virus and central nervous system infections: encephalitis, meningitis, myelitis].

Authors :
Rozenberg F
Source :
Virologie (Montrouge, France) [Virologie (Montrouge)] 2020 Oct 01; Vol. 24 (5), pp. 283-294.
Publication Year :
2020

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by herpes simplex viruses 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) greatly vary in frequency and severity. HSV-1 causes mostly herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) which represents 5% to 15% of infectious encephalitis in children and adults. Despite available molecular diagnosis tools and antiviral drugs, the prognosis of HSE remains unacceptably low. In addition to mortality and immediate sequelae, auto-immune encephalitis (AIE) may occur, associated with the development of anti-neuronal antibodies in 1/4 of cases. Replicative relapses have been associated in few cases with genetic defects altering the innate immune response of neuronal cells. Herpetic meningitis is frequent, mostly associated with HSV-2 and genital herpes, sometimes recurrent and, mostly benign, except in immunocompromised individuals. Finally, exceptional cases of myelitis have been reported, due to ascending propagation of HSV-2 in the CNS. This review does not include neonatal infections.

Details

Language :
French
ISSN :
1267-8694
Volume :
24
Issue :
5
Database :
MEDLINE
Journal :
Virologie (Montrouge, France)
Publication Type :
Academic Journal
Accession number :
33111702
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1684/vir.2020.0862