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The distinct MHC-unrestricted immunobiology of innate-like and adaptive-like human γδ T cell subsets-Nature's CAR-T cells.
- Source :
-
Immunological reviews [Immunol Rev] 2020 Nov; Vol. 298 (1), pp. 25-46. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 21. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- Distinct innate-like and adaptive-like immunobiological paradigms are emerging for human γδ T cells, supported by a combination of immunophenotypic, T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, functional, and transcriptomic data. Evidence of the γδ TCR/ligand recognition modalities that respective human subsets utilize is accumulating. Although many questions remain unanswered, one superantigen-like modality features interactions of germline-encoded regions of particular TCR Vγ regions with specific BTN/BTNL family members and apparently aligns with an innate-like biology, albeit with some scope for clonal amplification. A second involves CDR3-mediated γδ TCR interaction with diverse ligands and aligns with an adaptive-like biology. Importantly, these unconventional modalities provide γδ T cells with unique recognition capabilities relative to αβ T cells, B cells, and NK cells, allowing immunosurveillance for signatures of "altered self" on target cells, via a membrane-linked γδ TCR recognizing intact non-MHC proteins on the opposing cell surface. In doing so, they permit cellular responses in diverse situations including where MHC expression is compromised, or where conventional adaptive and/or NK cell-mediated immunity is suppressed. γδ T cells may therefore utilize their TCR like a cell-surface Fab repertoire, somewhat analogous to engineered chimeric antigen receptor T cells, but additionally integrating TCR signaling with parallel signals from other surface immunoreceptors, making them multimolecular sensors of cellular stress.<br /> (© 2020 The Authors Immunological Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1600-065X
- Volume :
- 298
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Immunological reviews
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33084045
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/imr.12928