Allergic disease and risk of stress in pregnant women: a PreventADALL study.

Background: Maternal stress during pregnancy may negatively affect the health of mother and child. We therefore aimed to identify the proportion of women reporting high maternal stress in mid and late pregnancy and explore whether symptoms of maternal allergic disease are associated with perceived maternal stress in late pregnancy.
Method: The population-based Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and Allergy in Children (PreventADALL) study enrolled 2697 pregnant women at their 18-week routine ultrasound examination in Norway and Sweden. Information about sociodemographic factors, symptoms and doctor-diagnosed asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and anaphylaxis and stress using the 14-item perceived stress scale (PSS) was collected at 18 weeks (mid) and 34 weeks (late) pregnancy. High stress was defined as a PSS score ≥29. Scores were analysed using multivariate logistic and linear regression.
Results: Among the 2164 women with complete PSS data, 17% reported asthma, 20% atopic dermatitis, 23% allergic rhinitis, 12% food allergy and 2% anaphylaxis. The proportion of women reporting high stress decreased from 15% at mid to 13% at late pregnancy (p<0.01). The adjusted odds ratio for high stress in late pregnancy was 2.25 (95% CI 1.41-3.58) for self-reported symptoms of asthma, 1.46 (95% CI 1.02-2.10) for allergic rhinitis and 2.25 (95% CI 1.32-3.82) for food allergy. A multivariate linear regression model confirmed that symptoms of asthma (β coefficient 2.11; 0.71-3.51), atopic dermatitis (β coefficient 1.76; 0.62-2.89) and food allergy (β coefficient 2.24; 0.63-3.84) were independently associated with increased PSS score.
Conclusion: Allergic disease symptoms in pregnancy were associated with increased stress, highlighting the importance of optimal disease control in pregnancy.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: C-A. Olsson Mägi has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A. Bjerg Bäcklund has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Lødrup Carlsen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Almqvist has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K-H. Carlsen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B. Granum has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: G. Haugen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: K. Hilde has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: O.C. Lødrup Carlsen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C.M. Jonassen has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: E.M. Rehbinder reports honoraria for lectures from Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, MEDA and Omega Pharma, outside the submitted work. Conflict of interest: K.D. Sjøborg has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: H. Skjerven has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: A.C. Staff has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: R. Vettukattil has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: C. Söderhäll has nothing to disclose. Conflict of interest: B. Nordlund has nothing to disclose.
(Copyright ©ERS 2020.)