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Pulmonary and systemic toxicity in rats following inhalation exposure of 3-D printer emissions from acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament.
- Source :
-
Inhalation toxicology [Inhal Toxicol] 2020 Sep - Oct; Vol. 32 (11-12), pp. 403-418. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Oct 20. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- Background: Fused filament fabrication 3-D printing with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filament emits ultrafine particulates (UFPs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, the toxicological implications of the emissions generated during 3-D printing have not been fully elucidated.<br />Aim and Methods: The goal of this study was to investigate the in vivo toxicity of ABS-emissions from a commercial desktop 3-D printer. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to a single concentration of ABS-emissions or air for 4 hours/day, 4 days/week for five exposure durations (1, 4, 8, 15, and 30 days). At 24 hours after the last exposure, rats were assessed for pulmonary injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress as well as systemic toxicity.<br />Results and Discussion: 3-D printing generated particulate with average particle mass concentration of 240 ± 90 µg/m³, with an average geometric mean particle mobility diameter of 85 nm (geometric standard deviation = 1.6). The number of macrophages increased significantly at day 15. In bronchoalveolar lavage, IFN-γ and IL-10 were significantly higher at days 1 and 4, with IL-10 levels reaching a peak at day 15 in ABS-exposed rats. Neither pulmonary oxidative stress responses nor histopathological changes of the lungs and nasal passages were found among the treatments. There was an increase in platelets and monocytes in the circulation at day 15. Several serum biomarkers of hepatic and kidney functions were significantly higher at day 1.<br />Conclusions: At the current experimental conditions applied, it was concluded that the emissions from ABS filament caused minimal transient pulmonary and systemic toxicity.
- Subjects :
- Acrylic Resins pharmacokinetics
Aerosols
Air Pollution, Indoor analysis
Animals
Biomarkers metabolism
Blood Cell Count
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid chemistry
Butadienes pharmacokinetics
Cytokines blood
Male
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Oxidative Stress drug effects
Particle Size
Particulate Matter analysis
Particulate Matter pharmacokinetics
Polystyrenes pharmacokinetics
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Respiratory System metabolism
Respiratory System ultrastructure
Volatile Organic Compounds analysis
Volatile Organic Compounds pharmacokinetics
Acrylic Resins toxicity
Air Pollution, Indoor adverse effects
Butadienes toxicity
Inhalation Exposure adverse effects
Particulate Matter toxicity
Polystyrenes toxicity
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Respiratory System drug effects
Volatile Organic Compounds toxicity
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1091-7691
- Volume :
- 32
- Issue :
- 11-12
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Inhalation toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 33076715
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1080/08958378.2020.1834034