A two-photon excited near-infrared fluorescent probe for imaging peroxynitrite during drug-induced hepatotoxicity and its remediation.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a hot issue of public health, owing to its unpredictability and serious harm to public health. Peroxynitrite (ONOO ^- ) is an important biomarker for the assessment and diagnosis of DILI. In this article, based on a kind of rhodamine analogue with a near-infrared (NIR) emission (610 nm-800 nm) and a two-photon absorption cross section (54 GM), a two-photon excited NIR fluorescence probe (NIR-ONOO) for ONOO ^- was developed. With a high selectivity and a high sensitivity to ONOO ^- , NIR-ONOO has a linear range for detection of ONOO ^- from 5.0 × 10 ^-8 to 1.0 × 10 ^-5  M, a good detection limit (15 nM) and a large fluorescence enhancement (340-fold). In addition, NIR-ONOO has been used to monitor ONOO ^- in cells with satisfactory results. Because of its two-photon excied NIR emission, NIR-ONOO also showed excellent performances for imaging ONOO ^- including low autofluorescence, stable and persistent fluorescence, and a deep penetration (204 μm). Finally, NIR-ONOO was successfully employed to image ONOO ^- in inflammatory mouse, drug-induced hepatotoxicity in cells and its remediation. All the results indicated that NIR-ONOO is a powerful chemical tool to image ONOO ^- and assay drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
(Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)