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Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction.
- Source :
-
Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2020 Sep 02; Vol. 11, pp. 2067. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 02 (Print Publication: 2020). - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well-understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, from the original epitope mapping studies using linear peptides or recombinant allergen fragments, to more sophisticated technologies, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. These state-of-the-art approaches, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, have led to the identification of conformational IgE epitopes. The first structures of an allergen (egg lysozyme) in complex with Fab fragments from IgG antibodies were determined in the 1980s. Since then, IgG has been used as surrogate for IgE, due to the difficulty of obtaining monoclonal IgE antibodies. Technical developments including phage display libraries have contributed to progress in epitope mapping thanks to the isolation of IgE antibody constructs from combinatorial libraries made from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic donors. Most recently, single B cell antibody sequencing and human hybridomas are new breakthrough technologies for finally obtaining human IgE monoclonal antibodies, ideal for epitope mapping. The information on antigenic determinants will facilitate the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy and the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of the IgE response.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Pomés, Mueller and Chruszcz.)
- Subjects :
- Animals
Crystallography, X-Ray
Epitope Mapping methods
Epitopes immunology
Humans
Immunoglobulin E immunology
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Models, Molecular
Protein Binding
Structure-Activity Relationship
Allergens chemistry
Allergens immunology
Antibodies chemistry
Antibodies immunology
Antigen-Antibody Complex chemistry
Antigen-Antibody Complex immunology
Antigen-Antibody Reactions immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1664-3224
- Volume :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Frontiers in immunology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32983155
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.02067