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Extracellular Vesicles as Nanotherapeutics for Parkinson's Disease.
- Source :
-
Biomolecules [Biomolecules] 2020 Sep 16; Vol. 10 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Sep 16. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring membranous structures secreted by normal and diseased cells, and carrying a wide range of bioactive molecules. In the central nervous system (CNS), EVs are important in both homeostasis and pathology. Through receptor-ligand interactions, direct fusion, or endocytosis, EVs interact with their target cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that EVs play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is the second most common ND, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons within the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In PD, EVs are secreted by both neurons and glial cells, with either beneficial or detrimental effects, via a complex program of cell-to-cell communication. The functions of EVs in PD range from their etiopathogenetic relevance to their use as diagnostic tools and innovative carriers of therapeutics. Because they can cross the blood-brain barrier, EVs can be engineered to deliver bioactive molecules (e.g., small interfering RNAs, catalase) within the CNS. This review summarizes the latest findings regarding the role played by EVs in PD etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy, with a particular focus on their use as novel PD nanotherapeutics.
- Subjects :
- Brain pathology
Cell Communication drug effects
Humans
Inflammation drug therapy
Inflammation metabolism
Models, Biological
Nanoparticles therapeutic use
Neurodegenerative Diseases drug therapy
Parkinson Disease drug therapy
Signal Transduction drug effects
Brain metabolism
Extracellular Vesicles metabolism
Nanoparticles metabolism
Neurodegenerative Diseases metabolism
Parkinson Disease metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2218-273X
- Volume :
- 10
- Issue :
- 9
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Biomolecules
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32948090
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10091327