miR146a up-regulation is involved in small HA oligosaccharides-induced pro-inflammatory response in human chondrocytes.

Background: Small HA fragments are produced during cartilage degradation and their role seems to be preponderant during pathologies in which cartilage injury contribute to trigger and perpetuate the inflammatory mechanism. Several reports have increasingly shown that MicroRNAs (miRs), a small non-coding mRNAs are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation and inflammation response in different pathologies, among them miR146a seems to be involved in inflammatory processes.
Methods: Starting by these evidences we investigated the levels of miR146a and its correlation with inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of 6-mer HA-induced inflammatory response in human cultured chondrocytes.
Results: Treatment of chondrocytes with 6-mer HA showed up-regulation in inflammation parameters such as TLR-4, and CD44 receptors activation, IL-6, IL-1β and MMP-13 mRNA expression and proteins production, as well as NF-kB activation. We also revealed an up-regulation of miR146a. Transfection with a miR146a mimic or miR146a inhibitor produced the following effects: chondrocytes receiving miR146a mimic and then 6-mer HA significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines and MMP-13, while exposition of chondrocytes with miR146a inhibitor and then the 6-mer HA incremented the activity of damaging cytokines and MMP13. Expression of CD44 receptor was not affected by miR-146a treatments, while TLR-4 expression and NF-kB activation were modified.
Conclusions: We concluded that up-regulation of miR146a occurred in 6-mer HA-induced inflammation response may reduce the inflammatory cascade by modulating TLR-4 and NF-kB activation.
General Significance: These results could be useful in develop new therapeutic strategies with the aim to reduce OA and RA incidence.
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