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Fluorescence-detected Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy by phase-tagged photon counting.
Fluorescence-detected Fourier transform electronic spectroscopy by phase-tagged photon counting.
- Source :
-
Optics express [Opt Express] 2020 Aug 17; Vol. 28 (17), pp. 25194-25214. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Fluorescence-detected Fourier transform (FT) spectroscopy is a technique in which the relative paths of an optical interferometer are controlled to excite a material sample, and the ensuing fluorescence is detected as a function of the interferometer path delay and relative phase. A common approach to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio in these experiments is to apply a continuous phase sweep to the relative optical path, and to detect the resulting modulated fluorescence using a phase-sensitive lock-in amplifier. In many important situations, the fluorescence signal is too weak to be measured using a lock-in amplifier, so that photon counting techniques are preferred. Here we introduce an approach to low-signal fluorescence-detected FT spectroscopy, in which individual photon counts are assigned to a modulated interferometer phase ('phase-tagged photon counting,' or PTPC), and the resulting data are processed to construct optical spectra. We studied the fluorescence signals of a molecular sample excited resonantly by a pulsed coherent laser over a range of photon flux and visibility levels. We compare the performance of PTPC to standard lock-in detection methods and establish the range of signal parameters over which meaningful measurements can be carried out. We find that PTPC generally outperforms the lock-in detection method, with the dominant source of measurement uncertainty being associated with the statistics of the finite number of samples of the photon detection rate.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1094-4087
- Volume :
- 28
- Issue :
- 17
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Optics express
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32907046
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.400245