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Age and Location in Severity of COVID-19 Pathology: Do Lactoferrin and Pneumococcal Vaccination Explain Low Infant Mortality and Regional Differences?
- Source :
-
BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology [Bioessays] 2020 Nov; Vol. 42 (11), pp. e2000076. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Aug 31. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Two conundrums puzzle COVID-19 investigators: 1) morbidity and mortality is rare among infants and young children and 2) rates of morbidity and mortality exhibit large variances across nations, locales, and even within cities. It is found that the higher the rate of pneumococcal vaccination in a nation (or city) the lower the COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Vaccination rates with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, poliovirus, and other vaccines do not correlate with COVID-19 risks, nor do COVID-19 case or death rates correlate with number of people in the population with diabetes, obesity, or adults over 65. Infant protection may be due to maternal antibodies and antiviral proteins in milk such as lactoferrin that are known to protect against coronavirus infections. Subsequent protection might then be conferred (and correlate with) rates of Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) (universal in infants) and pneumococcal vaccination, the latter varying widely by geography among infants, at-risk adults, and the elderly. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/GODBYRbPL00.<br /> (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Subjects :
- Adolescent
Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Betacoronavirus physiology
COVID-19
Child
Child, Preschool
Coronavirus Infections epidemiology
Female
Geography
Haemophilus influenzae type b immunology
Humans
Infant
Infant Mortality
Infant, Newborn
Lactoferrin blood
Male
Middle Aged
Mortality
Pandemics
Pneumonia, Viral epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
Severity of Illness Index
Vaccination Coverage statistics & numerical data
Young Adult
Coronavirus Infections mortality
Coronavirus Infections pathology
Lactoferrin physiology
Pneumococcal Vaccines pharmacology
Pneumonia, Viral mortality
Pneumonia, Viral pathology
Vaccination statistics & numerical data
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1521-1878
- Volume :
- 42
- Issue :
- 11
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32869330
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.202000076