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Save Your Maximum Tolerated Dose: How to Diagnose Procedure-Related Spinal Cord Lesions After Lumbar Intrathecal Bolus Administration of Oligonucleotides in Cynomolgus Monkeys.
- Source :
-
International journal of toxicology [Int J Toxicol] 2020 Nov/Dec; Vol. 39 (6), pp. 510-517. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Aug 28. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- Many potential drugs for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), are administered via lumbar intrathecal injection, because these drugs do not cross the blood-brain barrier. Intrathecal injection is a well-established method in cynomolgus monkeys, a species that is used in preclinical safety assessment when other nonrodent species cannot be used. The authors completed intrathecal ASO administration in over 30 preclinical safety studies (>1000 animals and >4500 dose administrations) during which we observed 3 cases of procedure-related spinal cord necrosis (incidence <0.1%). We describe clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, morphological features, and prognosis of this rare injury, and compare these findings with typical drug-related findings of ASOs dosed by intrathecal injection. The low incidence of procedure-related and dose-limiting lesions confines this analysis to a small sample set. The pattern of effects is similar across all monkeys despite differences in age, body weight, and intrathecal injection site. All 3 cases presented a combination of the following findings: blood in cerebrospinal fluid at time of injection, clinical signs that increase in severity within a day of dosing, lameness of both hind limbs, reduced muscle tone, and loss of patellar, foot grip, and/or anal reflexes. In all cases, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a linear hyperintense lesion in the lumbar spinal cord. In 2 cases, this hyperintensity was associated with evidence of spinal cord edema. We conclude that a pattern of in-life and pathology findings, including noninvasive MRI assessment, is indicative of procedure-related effects.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1092-874X
- Volume :
- 39
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of toxicology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32856507
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1177/1091581820951098