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Does the Future of Antibiotics Lie in Secondary Metabolites Produced by Xenorhabdus spp.? A Review.
- Source :
-
Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins [Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins] 2020 Dec; Vol. 12 (4), pp. 1310-1320. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The over-prescription of antibiotics for treatment of infections is primarily to blame for the increase in bacterial resistance. Added to the problem is the slow rate at which novel antibiotics are discovered and the many processes that need to be followed to classify antimicrobials safe for medical use. Xenorhabdus spp. of the family Enterobacteriaceae, mutualistically associated with entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema, produce a variety of antibacterial peptides, including bacteriocins, depsipeptides, xenocoumacins and PAX (peptide antimicrobial-Xenorhabdus) peptides, plus additional secondary metabolites with antibacterial and antifungal activity. The secondary metabolites of some strains are active against protozoa and a few have anti-carcinogenic properties. It is thus not surprising that nematodes invaded by a single strain of a Xenorhabdus species are not infected by other microorganisms. In this review, the antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus spp. are listed and the gene clusters involved in synthesis of these secondary metabolites are discussed. We also review growth conditions required for increased production of antimicrobial compounds.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Anti-Infective Agents chemistry
Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology
Antibiosis genetics
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides chemistry
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides genetics
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides pharmacology
Bacterial Proteins genetics
Bacterial Proteins metabolism
Bacteriocins biosynthesis
Bacteriocins chemistry
Bacteriocins genetics
Bacteriocins pharmacology
Benzopyrans chemistry
Benzopyrans metabolism
Benzopyrans pharmacology
Depsipeptides biosynthesis
Depsipeptides chemistry
Depsipeptides genetics
Depsipeptides pharmacology
Humans
Insecta parasitology
Multigene Family
Peptide Synthases genetics
Peptide Synthases metabolism
Symbiosis physiology
Xenorhabdus chemistry
Xenorhabdus genetics
Anti-Infective Agents metabolism
Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides biosynthesis
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Secondary Metabolism genetics
Strongyloidea microbiology
Xenorhabdus metabolism
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1867-1314
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 4
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32844362
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09688-x