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Antiviral Activity of PD-L1 and PD-L4, Type 1 Ribosome Inactivating Proteins from Leaves of Phytolacca dioica L. in the Pathosystem Phaseolus vulgaris- Tobacco Necrosis Virus (TNV).
- Source :
-
Toxins [Toxins (Basel)] 2020 Aug 14; Vol. 12 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Aug 14. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Using the pathosystem Phaseolus vulgaris -tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), we demonstrated that PD-L1 and PD-L4, type-1 ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) from leaves of Phytolacca dioica L., possess a strong antiviral activity. This activity was exerted both when the RIPs and the virus were inoculated together in the same leaf and when they were inoculated or applied separately in the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces. This suggests that virus inhibition would mainly occur inside plant cells at the onset of infection. Histochemical studies showed that both PD-L1 and PD-L4 were not able to induce oxidative burst and cell death in treated leaves, which were instead elicited by inoculation of the virus alone. Furthermore, when RIPs and TNV were inoculated together, no sign of H <subscript>2</subscript> O <subscript>2</subscript> deposits and cell death were detectable, indicating that the virus could have been inactivated in a very early stage of infection, before the elicitation of a hypersensitivity reaction. In conclusion, the strong antiviral activity is likely exerted inside host cells as soon the virus disassembles to start translation of the viral genome. This activity is likely directed towards both viral and ribosomal RNA, explaining the almost complete abolition of infection when virus and RIP enter together into the cells.
- Subjects :
- Antiviral Agents pharmacology
B7-H1 Antigen isolation & purification
Host Microbial Interactions
Plant Leaves chemistry
Plant Proteins isolation & purification
Plant Proteins pharmacology
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 isolation & purification
B7-H1 Antigen pharmacology
Phaseolus virology
Phytolacca chemistry
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1 pharmacology
Tombusviridae drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 2072-6651
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Toxins
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32824023
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080524