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Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study.
Exposure to polychlorinated compounds and cryptorchidism; A nested case-control study.
- Source :
-
PloS one [PLoS One] 2020 Jul 23; Vol. 15 (7), pp. e0236394. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 23 (Print Publication: 2020). - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Background: Maldescended testes or cryptorchidism is a genital birth defect that affects 2-9% of all male new-borns. Over the last 40 years there have been reports of increased prevalence in countries like the US, the UK and the Scandinavian countries. This possible increase has in some studies been linked to a foetal exposure to chemical pollutants. In this matched case-control study, we analysed maternal serum samples in early pregnancy for three different organochlorine compounds, to investigate whether the levels were associated with the risk of cryptorchidism.<br />Method: Maternal serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy from 165 cases (boys born with cryptorchidism) and 165 controls, matched for birth year and maternal age, parity and smoking habits during the pregnancy, were retrieved from the Southern Sweden Maternity Biobank. The samples were analysed for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB-153), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDE) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Associations between exposure and cryptorchidism were evaluated by conditional logistic regression.<br />Results: We found no statistically significantly associations between exposure to these compounds and cryptorchidism, either when the exposure variables were used as a continuous variable, or when the exposure levels were divided in quartiles.<br />Conclusion: We found no evidence of an association between maternal levels of PCB-153, p,p'-DDE or HCB during the pregnancy and the risk of having cryptorchidism in the sons.<br />Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Subjects :
- Adult
Case-Control Studies
Cryptorchidism chemically induced
Cryptorchidism epidemiology
Cryptorchidism pathology
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene blood
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene toxicity
Environmental Pollutants toxicity
Female
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Hexachlorobenzene blood
Hexachlorobenzene toxicity
Humans
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated toxicity
Infant, Newborn
Male
Polychlorinated Biphenyls blood
Polychlorinated Biphenyls toxicity
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects blood
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects chemically induced
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology
Sweden epidemiology
Cryptorchidism blood
Environmental Pollutants blood
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated blood
Maternal Exposure adverse effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1932-6203
- Volume :
- 15
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- PloS one
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32702712
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236394