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Human Metapneumovirus Escapes NK Cell Recognition through the Downregulation of Stress-Induced Ligands for NKG2D.
- Source :
-
Viruses [Viruses] 2020 Jul 20; Vol. 12 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 20. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- The Pneumoviridae family includes human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and human orthopneumovirus, which is also known as a respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). These are large enveloped, negative single-strand RNA viruses. HMPV and HRSV are the human members, which commonly infect children. HMPV, which was discovered in 2001, infects most children until the age of five, which causes an influenza-like illness. The interaction of this virus with immune cells is poorly understood. In this study, we show that HMPV evades natural killer (NK) cell attack by downregulating stress-induced ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D including: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide-related sequences A and B (MICA, MICB), UL16 binding proteins ULBP2, and ULBP3, but not ULBP1. Mechanistically, we show that the viral protein G is involved in the downregulation of ULBP2 and that the viral protein M2.2 is required for MICA and MICB downregulation. These findings emphasize the importance of NK cells, in general, and NKG2D, in particular, in controlling HMPV infection, which opens new avenues for treating HMPV.
- Subjects :
- Antibodies, Viral immunology
Blotting, Western
Down-Regulation
Flow Cytometry
Humans
Paramyxoviridae Infections immunology
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Viral Proteins immunology
Killer Cells, Natural immunology
Metapneumovirus immunology
NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K immunology
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1999-4915
- Volume :
- 12
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Viruses
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32698530
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/v12070781