Histomorphometric evaluation of bovine bone and equine bone matrix in maxillary sinus floor augmentation: a systematic review.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of bovine and equine bone substitute materials used in sinus augmentation techniques. The research protocol was carried out using the PubMed database, including articles from October 2019 until February 2020 and those in English only. The search on PubMed (MED-LINE) was carried out with the following keywords: sinus augmentation OR sinus lift AND bovine bone graft OR equine bone matrix. The articles identified included randomised clinical trials, cross-sectional studies and case series. Outcomes were the percentage of newly formed bone, remaining graft particles and soft tissue in a follow-up at least of 5 months. The use of bovine bone graft (ABB) as a graft material in maxillary sinus elevation was evaluated in 9 studies. According to the quality assessment, 4 of the 9 studies were analysed and an arithmetic mean was performed showing the following results: newly formed bone (NFB 22.74%), residual grafts (RG 29.36%) and soft tissue percentage (SF 48.51%). The use of equine bone matrix (EBM) was assessed in four different studies including an RCT, a cross-sectional study and two case series; a mean percentage calculated by the extracted data of the four studies was estimated with newly formed bone (NFB 44.51%), residual grafts (RG 17.24%) and soft tissue percentage (SF 36.62%). EBM appears to be as effective as ABB for the maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedure.
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