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Epilepsy in paediatric patients with schizencephaly.

Authors :: Kopyta I
Skrzypek M
Raczkiewicz D
Bojar I
Sarecka-Hujar B
Source :: Annals of agricultural and environmental medicine : AAEM [Ann Agric Environ Med] 2020 Jun 19; Vol. 27 (2), pp. 279-283. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 02.
Publication Year :: 2020
Abstract: Introduction: Schizencephaly is one of the rare congenital defects of the central nervous system (CNS), known as neuronal migration disorders. The etiology of schizencecephaly is unequivocal. Established etiologies include in-utero infections (cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus, HSV type I), toxic abuse (cocaine, alcohol), as well as drug use (warfarin).<br />Objectives: he aim of the study was to analyze the clinical presentation of schizencephaly with particular consideration of the course of epilepsy in paediatric patients.<br />Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 38 children with schizencephaly (20 of them had seizure) and was retrospectively assessed. Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.4. U Mann-Whitney and χ 2 tests and logistic regression analysis were used in statistical analyses.<br />Results: Epilepsy was the most frequent in bilateral type II schizencephaly (p=0.033). In logistic regression analysis, the presence of bilateral open schizencephaly significantly increased the risk of seizures (OR=11.67; 95%CI 2.44-55.83; p=0.002). Drug-resistant epilepsy was observed in 9 children (45% of the children with epilepsy). Prevalence of both epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy in schizencephaly did not significantly depend on gender, stage of development, type or localization of schizencephaly, and other coexisting CNS defects or clinical presentation of schizencephaly at follow-up in the study group of patients.<br />Conclusions: The bilateral type of schizencephaly was identified as an independent risk factor for epilepsy in the analyzed children.