The neovascularization effect of dedifferentiated fat cells.

Mature adipocyte-derived dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells can be prepared efficiently and with minimal invasiveness to the donor. They can be utilized as a source of transplanted cells during therapy. Although the transplantation of DFAT cells into an ischemic tissue enhances angiogenesis and increases vascular flow, there is little information regarding the mechanism of the therapeutic angiogenesis. To further study this, mice ischemic hindlimb model was used. It was confirmed that in comparison with the adipose derived stem cells and fibroblasts, the transplantation of DFAT cells led to a significant improvement in the blood flow and increased mature blood vessel density. The ability of DFAT cells to secrete angiogenic factors in hypoxic conditions and upon co-culture with vascular endothelial cells was then examined. Furthermore, we examined the possibility that DFAT cells differentiating into pericytes. The therapeutic angiogenic effects of DFAT cells were observed by the secretion of angiogenic factors and pericyte differentiation by transforming growth factor β1 signalling via Smad2/3. DFAT cells can be prepared with minimal invasiveness and high efficiency and are expected to become a source of transplanted cells in the future of angiogenic cell therapy.