Arsenate removal from contaminated water using Fe 2 O 3 -clinoptilolite powder and granule.

Natural clinoptilolite (Clin) was modified with iron oxide using three different methods including precipitation, wet-impregnation and ion-exchange and then the modified adsorbent with highest As(V) removal efficiency was encapsulated into Alginate by a simple cross-linking method to obtain Fe-Clin granules. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the Fe-Clin sorbents were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction analysis. The selected Fe-Clin powders and granules possessed enhanced affinity towards the highly toxic arsenic pollutant in a very short time. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the Fe-Clin adsorbent can be widely used within a wide range of pH (2-9). In addition, to reach a high removal percentage (over 90%) of As(V), the optimum dosage of powder and granule shaped adsorbents was obtained as 0.1 and 0.6 g L ^-1 , respectively. Both adsorbents could successfully remove As(V) in a very short amount of time as 20 and 30 min in the case of powders and granules, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe-Clin granules evaluated by using Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be 11.17 mg g ^-1 . By testing the granules in a circulated fluidized column experiment, it was demonstrated that Fe-Clin granules could remove As(V) up to an acceptable level (93%) within 10 min. This study demonstrates that Fe-Clin granules, obtained by exploiting natural clinoptilolite, iron oxide and alginate, are efficient, sustainable and fairly cheap adsorbents for the removal of arsenate from the aquatic environment in a very short contact time.