From the Deep-Plane Rhytidectomy to the Vertical Platysma Advancement.

This article provides the facial plastic surgeon with anatomic and embryologic evidence supporting use of the deep-plane technique and understanding the evolution of the technique over decades to the vertical platysma advancement for optimal treatment of facial aging. The original description of the deep-plane rhytidectomy described a basic subsuperficial musculoaponeurotic system dissection in the midface. This plane of dissection provides access to deeper anatomic structures. A detailed description of the procedure is provided to allow safe and consistent performance. Insights into anatomic landmarks, technical nuances, and alternative approaches for facial variations are presented.
Competing Interests: Disclosure The authors have nothing to disclose.
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