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Threshold effects of economic growth on water stress in the Eurozone.
- Source :
-
Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2020 Sep; Vol. 27 (25), pp. 31427-31438. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jun 02. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- This paper empirically examines the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis using a country's water stress as an indicator of the pressure on renewable water resources. The sample consists of 9 European countries by covering the period 1995-2013. The paper adopts a panel threshold regression model which can predict the threshold level endogenously to analyze whether income per person has an impact on water stress. The empirical findings strongly demonstrate the existence of a threshold beyond which environmental pressures of GDP (real) per capita growth on renewable water resources tend to increase. The growth below the threshold levels has no statistically significant effect on water stress, while the growth rate above the threshold increases stress on water resources. The available empirical findings obtained, albeit limited, tend not to support the EKC hypothesis, which postulates an inverted-U-shaped relationship.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1614-7499
- Volume :
- 27
- Issue :
- 25
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Environmental science and pollution research international
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32488700
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09383-y