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Efficacy-directed discrimination of the essential oils of three Juniperus species based on their in-vitro antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.
- Source :
-
Journal of ethnopharmacology [J Ethnopharmacol] 2020 Sep 15; Vol. 259, pp. 112971. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 18. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Juniperus plants are considered important sources of cedar-wood oil which is used widely in folk medicine as antiseptic and in treatment of inflammatory disorders such as, rheumatoid arthritis but there is not enough scientific evidence to support the claimed uses and there is no specification of a certain Juniperus species as the most active.<br />Aim of the Study: The aim of this study is volatiles profiling of three Juniperus species; J. communis, J. horizontalis and J. chinensis in addition to efficacy-directed discrimination of the three studied essential oils based on their antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-stimulated WBCs (White blood cells) to investigate the inter-specific variability effect on the biological activities of each oil.<br />Materials and Methods: Volatile components profiling of the three studied plants volatile oils was achieved using GC-FID (Gas chromatography - flame ionization detector) and GC-MS (Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry). The antimicrobial activity of the studied essential oils was investigated and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for oils. The production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Identification of the biomarkers responsible for each activity was attempted through construction of orthogonal projection to latent structures model using multivariate statistical analysis.<br />Results: Forty five components were identified in the volatile oils of the three studied plants. J. horizontalis oil displayed the highest activity against E. coli while J. communis showed the highest activity against S. aureus. OPLS model biplot showed the in-between class discrimination of J. chinensis oil sample from J. communis and J. horizontalis. The three oils were found to significantly decrease the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)- α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and gamma interferon (INF- γ) in lipopolysaccharide-activated white blood cells. All studied oils were similar in reduction of TNF-α, and INF-γ, while J. chinensis oil possessed the highest potency against IL-1β. The coefficient plots of TNF-α and INF-γ pro-inflammatory mediators showed that 1-terpineol, 4-terpineol, bornyl acetate, dl-limonene and α-pinene positive contributors to both activities while β-thujone, 3-carene and γ-muurolene were the positive contributors to IL-1β inhibitory activity.<br />Conclusion: The differences observed in the volatile profiles among the three studied oils demonstrate the effect of inter-specific variability on the biological activities of the tested oils. It was shown that the tested oils possessed good antibacterial activities against E.coli and S. aureus justifying its folk use as an a topical antiseptic while the observed anti-inflammatory effects in human WBCs is due at least in part to their inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Anti-Bacterial Agents isolation & purification
Anti-Inflammatory Agents isolation & purification
Cells, Cultured
Cytokines metabolism
Escherichia coli growth & development
Humans
Inflammation Mediators metabolism
Leukocytes immunology
Leukocytes metabolism
Lipid Peroxidation drug effects
Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Molecular Structure
Oils, Volatile isolation & purification
Plant Oils isolation & purification
Species Specificity
Staphylococcus aureus growth & development
Structure-Activity Relationship
Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology
Escherichia coli drug effects
Juniperus chemistry
Juniperus classification
Leukocytes drug effects
Oils, Volatile pharmacology
Plant Oils pharmacology
Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1872-7573
- Volume :
- 259
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Journal of ethnopharmacology
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32439404
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112971