Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the detection of intraoperative cardiac arrest: A case report.

Rationale: Point-of-care ultrasound is widely used in patients with cardiac arrest, allowing for diagnosing, monitoring, and prognostication as well as assessing the effectiveness of the chest compressions. However, the detection of intraoperative cardiac arrest by Point-of-care ultrasound was rarely reported.
Patient Concerns: A 21-year-old male with Marfan syndrome which manifested Valsalva sinus aneurysms was admitted for aortic valve replacement. After endotracheal intubation, TEE transducer was inserted to evaluate the cardiac structure and function with different views. Severe aortic valve regurgitation was observed in the mid-esophageal aortic valve long and short axis view.
Diagnosis: TEE showed that cardiac contraction was nearly stopped, the spontaneous echo contrast was obvious in the left ventricular and hardly any blood was pumped out from the heart despite the ECG showing normal sinus rhythm with HR 61 beats/min. Meanwhile, the IBP was dropped to 50/30 mm Hg.
Interventions: Chest compressions were started immediately and epinephrine 100 μg was given intravenously. After 30 times of chest compressions, TEE showed that cardiac contractility increased and the stroke volume was improved in the TG SAX view.
Outcomes: The patient was discharged 18 days later in a stable condition.
Lessons: Continuous echocardiography monitoring may be of particular value in forewarning and detecting cardiac arrest in high-risk patients.