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Photon-counting 3D integral imaging with less than a single photon per pixel on average using a statistical model of the EM-CCD camera.
Photon-counting 3D integral imaging with less than a single photon per pixel on average using a statistical model of the EM-CCD camera.
- Source :
-
Optics letters [Opt Lett] 2020 Apr 15; Vol. 45 (8), pp. 2327-2330. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- We investigate photon-counting 3D integral imaging (PCII) with an electron multiplying charged-coupled device (EM-CCD) camera using dedicated statistical models. Using conventional integral imaging reconstruction methods with this camera in photon-counting conditions may result in degraded reconstructed image quality if multiple photons are detected simultaneously in a given pixel. We propose an estimation method derived from the photon detection statistical model of the EM-CCD to address the problems caused by multiple photons detected at the same pixel and provide improved 3D reconstructions. We also present a simplified version of this statistical method that can be used under the correct conditions. The imaging performance of these methods is evaluated on experimental data by the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the structural similarity index measure. The experiments demonstrate that 3D integral imaging substantially outperforms 2D imaging in degraded conditions. Furthermore, we achieve imaging in photon-counting conditions where, on average, less than a single photon per pixel is detected by the camera. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of PCII with the EM-CCD camera employing its statistical model in 3D reconstruction of PCII.
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1539-4794
- Volume :
- 45
- Issue :
- 8
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Optics letters
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32287225
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.389776