Non-enzymatic screen-printed sensor based on PtNPs@polyazure A for the real-time tracking of the H 2 O 2 secreted from living plant cells.

Monitoring of hydrogen peroxide (H ₂ O ₂ ) in living cells has high significance for understanding its functions. We herein report an enzymeless H ₂ O ₂ sensor consisting of a previously activated screen-printed carbon electrode modified with Pt nanoparticles electrogenerated on a supporting conductive layer of polyazure A-dodecyl sulfate. This electrode was used to investigate the dynamic process of H ₂ O ₂ release from living grapevine cells under different (a)biotic stresses. The modified surfaces were characterized by FESEM/EDX, EIS and cyclic voltammetry. Sensor analytical performance was studied in a cell culture medium under aerobic conditions, as required for cell survival. In relation to the synergistic effect between the metal nanoparticles and the conjugated polymer, this electrode showed good stability, excellent analytical performance combined with a rapid response (<2s) and limit of detection of 24.9 nM in the culture medium. The modified electrodes could fulfill the real-time measurement requirement of H ₂ O ₂ release from living plant cells to the extracellular medium operating continuously, even in experiments lasting more than 12 h. Methyl jasmonate, L-methionine, clopyralid and the fungus Botrytis cinerea were the eliciting agents chosen to induce oxidative stress in the plant cells. This work demonstrates the huge potential of this sensor for the real-time tracking of the H ₂ O ₂ released from living cells under different physiological conditions.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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