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Photobiomodulation Mediates Neuroprotection against Blue Light Induced Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.
- Source :
-
International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2020 Mar 30; Vol. 21 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 30. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Potent neuroprotective effects of photobiomodulation with 670 nm red light (RL) have been demonstrated in several models of retinal disease. RL improves mitochondrial metabolism, reduces retinal inflammation and oxidative cell stress, showing its ability to enhance visual function. However, the current knowledge is limited to the main hypothesis that the respiratory chain complex IV, cytochrome c oxidase, serves as the primary target of RL. Here, we demonstrate a comprehensive cellular, molecular, and functional characterization of neuroprotective effects of 670 nm RL and 810 nm near-infrared light (NIRL) on blue light damaged murine primary photoreceptors. We show that respiratory chain complexes I and II are additional PBM targets, besides complex IV, leading to enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism. Accordingly, our study identified mitochondria related RL- and NIRL-triggered defense mechanisms promoting photoreceptor neuroprotection. The observed improvement of mitochondrial and extramitochondrial respiration in both inner and outer segments is linked with reduced oxidative stress including its cellular consequences and reduced mitochondria-induced apoptosis. Analysis of regulatory mechanisms using gene expression analysis identified upregulation α-crystallins that indicate enhanced production of proteins with protective functions that point to the rescued mitochondrial function. The results support the hypothesis that energy metabolism is a major target for retinal light therapy.
- Subjects :
- Animals
Female
Infrared Rays therapeutic use
Male
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate metabolism
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate pathology
Retinal Degeneration genetics
Retinal Degeneration pathology
Up-Regulation radiation effects
alpha-Crystallins genetics
Low-Level Light Therapy methods
Neuroprotection radiation effects
Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate radiation effects
Retinal Degeneration therapy
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1422-0067
- Volume :
- 21
- Issue :
- 7
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- International journal of molecular sciences
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32235464
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072370