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Reduction of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) emission from municipal waste incinerators in Taiwan: Recommendation on control technology.
- Source :
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Chemosphere [Chemosphere] 2020 Aug; Vol. 252, pp. 126541. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 18. - Publication Year :
- 2020
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Abstract
- Emission factor and removal efficacy of PCNs are evaluated via the flue gas sampling of two MWIs equipped with different air pollution control devices (APCDs) in Taiwan. MWI-A is equipped with ESP, wet scrubber (WS) and selective catalytic reduction (SCR), while cyclone (CY), semi-dry absorber (SDA), activated carbon injection (ACI) and baghouse (BH) are employed in MWI-B. The average concentrations of PCNs measured at stacks of MWI-A and MWI-B are 2.1 ng Nm <superscript>-3</superscript> (0.218 pg TEQ Nm <superscript>-3</superscript> ) and 23.2 ng Nm <superscript>-3</superscript> (0.425 pg TEQ Nm <superscript>-3</superscript> ), respectively. The emission factors of PCNs calculated from feeding rates of waste and stack sampling results range from 6.7 to 6.95 μg t <superscript>-1</superscript> (0.790-1.45 ng TEQ t <superscript>-1</superscript> ). PCNs are formed in ESP via chlorination, while SCR and SDA + ACI + BH are effective in removing PCNs with the overall efficacies of 97.6% and 94.3%, respectively. PCN removal efficiencies achieved with SCR and SDA + ACI + BH increase as chlorination level increases. Specifically, around 72% and 82% of Mono-CN are removed by SCR and SDA + ACI + BH, respectively. The removal efficacies of other homologues achieved with SCR are consistently high (96-100%). Dominances of Mono-to Tri-CNs in scrubbing liquid collected from WS and higher removal efficacies of these homologues achieved with WS + ESP compared with ESP alone indicate that WS can capture low chlorinated PCNs to some extent. The results suggest that CY + SDA + ACI + BH should be equipped in MWI for effective removal of PCNs, while ESP, WS and SCR should be utilized with precaution to eliminate PCNs formation and enhance the PCNs removal efficiency.<br />Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1298
- Volume :
- 252
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Chemosphere
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32217411
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126541