Back to Search
Start Over
Application of calcium nebulization for mass exposure to an accidental hydrofluoric acid spill.
- Source :
-
Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries [Burns] 2020 Sep; Vol. 46 (6), pp. 1337-1346. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 21. - Publication Year :
- 2020
-
Abstract
- Purpose: To determine the long-term prevalence and characteristics of acute hydrofluoric acid (HF) exposure in 2223 patients during the first 30 months after a mass-casualty exposure, and to confirm the antidotal effect of nebulized calcium on inhalation burns caused by HF.<br />Methods: This observational cohort study included patients after an HF spill in the Republic of Korea on September 27, 2012; registered patients were followed until April 2015. We assessed toxic effects, distance from spill, degree of acute poisoning, and the effect of nebulized calcium in HF-exposed individuals.<br />Results: Overall, 2223 patients received emergency management or antidote therapy for 20 days. Seventy-four of 134 patients with dermal toxicity received calcium-lidocaine gel, and 368 individuals with bronchial irritation signs received calcium gluconate via nebulizer nCG. A total 377 ampoules 786 g of calcium gluconate were used in the nCG formulation. Calcium administration did not cause adverse reactions during the observation period. Long-term cohort observation showed that 120 patients (120/2233, 5.4%) returned to medical facilities for management of HF-related symptoms within 1 month; 18 persons (18/1660, 1.1%) returned 1-3 months later with chronic cough and respiratory symptoms; and 3 patients (3/1660, 0.2%) underwent medical treatment due to upper-airway toxic symptoms more than 2 years after HF exposure.<br />Conclusion: Respiratory toxicity after mass exposure to an HF spill was successfully treated by calcium nebulizer. Based on our experience, detoxification processes and the amounts of antidote stocked are important when planning for future chemical disasters at the community level.<br /> (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.)
- Subjects :
- Administration, Cutaneous
Administration, Inhalation
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Anesthetics, Local therapeutic use
Burns, Chemical etiology
Burns, Inhalation etiology
Calcium therapeutic use
Child
Child, Preschool
Cohort Studies
Female
Gels
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Inhalation Exposure
Lidocaine therapeutic use
Male
Mass Casualty Incidents
Middle Aged
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Republic of Korea
Young Adult
Antidotes therapeutic use
Burns, Chemical drug therapy
Burns, Inhalation drug therapy
Calcium Gluconate therapeutic use
Chemical Hazard Release
Hydrofluoric Acid poisoning
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 1879-1409
- Volume :
- 46
- Issue :
- 6
- Database :
- MEDLINE
- Journal :
- Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries
- Publication Type :
- Academic Journal
- Accession number :
- 32209280
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2020.02.015